Adhesive and process of making same



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFlCE ADHESIVE AND rnooass or MAKING 1 SAME Henry V. Dunham, Bainbridge, N. Y.

No Drawing. Application July 10, 1929 Serial No. 377,334

5 Claims. (01. 87-17) The present invention relates to improving made from the whole peanut kernels (preferably adhesives or glues of the kind used for gluing up unroasted) or from the kernels after removal of plywood, and for wood-working generally. In a portion of the red skins. A small amount of accordance with the present invention it is found the peanut shells may be left in if desired, or

6 that by employing a small percentage of pine oil may be added to the dry glue base, after being 60 (preferably steam distilled pine oil, first added finely pulverized to pass through a or mesh to or preferably emulsified in the water with screen. which the dry glue base is mixed up) the ad- The above examples constitute suitable dry hesive is somewhat improved in a number of glue bases for use in connection with the pres- 10 respects, the principal advantage being that it ent invention, and are not claimed as such in the gives a smoother working glue and is less likely present case, as a part of the present invention. 4 to foam. The invention is applicable particu- Shortly before the time of use of the glue, it larly to the wood-working glues containing is made into a liquid glue, by being mixed up casein or seed-meal or' a mixture of these, towith two to three times its own weight of water 15 gether with lime (preferably hydrated lime, or containing a small percentage of pine oil. It is magnesium oxide or hydroxide, or other alkaline not necessary to first emulsify the oil, since as earth base), and containing an alkaline reactthe casein dissolves, it forms an excellent emuling salt of an alkali metal such as sodium carsifying agent for the pine oil. By the time the bonate, sodium phosphate and similar salt, which glue has become thoroughly incorporated with 20 can react with the lime in the presence of water the water (or dissolved as this is usually called 76 to produce caustic alkali which at once reacts in the art) the pine oil will be found to be thorwith the protein of the seed-meal or with the oughly emulsified. casein or with both, to constitute a solution of or the pine oil is first emulsified in the water, alkali casein or alkali protein. by the use of a suitable emulsifying agent. Sul- 25 Without restricting the invention to specific fonated castor oil or sulfonated castor oil soap, 80 examples of the glue base, the following are given or other sulfonated vegetable oil or sulfonated as satisfactory examples:-- animal oil or sulfonated mineral oil, or the soaps Exam l6 1 of these can be used as emulsifying agents. Stable emulsions of rosin soap with pine oil, now

30 Peanut flour or cotton-seed flour 67 parts, calknown on the market can likewise be used. A cium hydroxide 18 parts, sodium carbonate 7 pasty material made up of about equal parts of parts, trisodium phosphate 4' parts, sodium concentrated laundry soap solution with pine oil, fluoride 4 parts. likewise could be used as the source of the pine Exam [8 2 I p 1'.t0 use Straight pine oil without 35 added emulsifying agents.

I mix together 70 parts of commercial dry In preparing the glue from the glue base, the casein, 10 parts of tri-sodium phosphate, 20 parts pine oil (or say a mixture of two parts of steam of slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) and 3 parts distilled pine oil with one part of sulfonated of dry sodium fluoride, mix together and pass castor oil) is preferably first added to the bulk of 40 through a 30 mesh screen. water which is to be used.

The mixture may then be stirred for a few minutes or not, as desired. To this the dry glue Linseed meal or peanut meal 30 parts, dry base is then added in the same manner as it is casein (40 mesh) 26 parts, hydrated lime 19 parts, ordinarily added to water, and in the same pro- 45 sodium carbonatefi parts, tri-sodium phosphate portion. One part of the dry base will require 5 parts, sodium fluoride 3 parts. from two to three parts of water, about two and The vegetable seed-meals referred to in the a half parts being a fair average. The amount above examples may constitute the residue left of the pine oil used may be equal to about 1 to 5 from expressing the oil, or this residue maybe per cent of the dry glue base (or about 0.4% to 50 further extracted with oil solvents, to remove 2.5% of the amount of water).

most of the oil- Ordinarily it is preferable to Ordinarily it is advisable to'mix glues of the leave about 5 to '7 per cent of the oil in the meal. kind referred to above, with cold water, say at The press cakes are in all cases preferably. 60 F. However, in many places the workmen ground to pass through a mesh of 30 to 40. prefer to use simply tap water, at whatever tem- 55 Where peanut flour is referred to this may be perature it may be found. Thus in the South,

Example 3 in summer time, the mixing water might be at F. and the atmospheric temperature at F. Under these conditions the glue might foam considerably. The use of say 3% or 4% of pine oil simply dumped into the mixing water in the kettle before adding the glue base (or simultaneously with adding the glue base, but separately therefrom) will wholly overcome the foaminess under these conditions. Glue bases that are old, i. e. have been mixed up for six months or a year) also have more tendency to foaminess than fresh material, and here the foaminess can be abated by adding pine oil, as described herein.

The following example is given, concerning the mixing operation, although it will be understood that the invention is not restricted to this specific example.

Example 4 To 200 parts 01 water (preferably cold) is added 2 parts of steam distilled pine,oil. 100 parts of the dry glue base as given in Example 2 above referred to, are then added and the stirring'.continued for 15 minutes, or so or until the mixture is sufficiently uniform and has a sufficiently smo'oth flow for use on a glue spreading machine used in making up plywood.

If the mixing water is rather warm and if the glue is rather old, 5 parts of the pine oil might be used in this example. I make no claim herein to abatement of foam by adding the pine oil to to the dry glue base. It has been common practice for many years, to "011 casein which is to be used in making a dry glue base. This step, as

commonly practiced, has been to simply mix a little oil, (e. g. 1 to'-3%) with the dry ground casein. Pine oil so used on the casein or on the dry glue base, does not have the efiect of preventing foaminess of the liquid glue, to the production of which effect the present invention is particularly directed.

What is claimed is:--

1. A process which comprises mixing a dry glue base comprising an alkali-soluble proteins.- ceous material, an alkaline earth base and an alkaline compound of an alkali metal with about 89 two to three times its own weight of water containing a small amount of pine oil separately admixed therewith.

2. A process which comprises mixing a dry glue base comprising an alkali-soluble proteina- 85 ceous material, an akaline earth base and an alkaline compound of an alkali metal with about two to three times it's own weight of an aqueous emulsion of pine oil and a sulfonated oil material.

3. In the mixing of water with dry glue base comprising an alkali-soluble proteinaceous material, an alkaline earth base and an alkaline compound of an alkali metal and which shows considerable tendency to foam, the step of adding about 1 to 5% of pine oil to the water, such step being separate from the addition of the glue base thereto.

4. In the art of mixing with water a stale dry glue base which has a tendency to foam, the 100 said base containing casein, alkaline earth hydroxide and alkali metal compounds capable of acting as casein solvents, the herein described step of adding to the water a small percentage of pine oil separately from the glue base.

5. In the art of mixing with water a stale composite dry glue base which has a tendency tofoam, said base containing casein, seed meal high in protein, alkaline earth hydroxide and alkali metal salts serving as solvents for the no casein and meal proteins, the herein described step of mixing with the water a small percentage of pine oil separately from the glue base, for the purpose of preventing foam.

HENRY v. DUNHAM. 

